聖甲蟲分享 古埃及, 聖甲蟲, 埃及, 木乃伊

哈比人

http://www.crystalinks.com/scarablogo.jpg
聖甲蟲

The Scarab represented - Self-Generation, Resurrection and Renewal.

聖甲蟲表現了-自我-產生-復活和更新。

The scarab was based on the image of the dung beetle, or Scarabeus Sacer, and it was used by the ancient Egyptians for many purposes such as recording historical events or inscribing prayers to be placed on mummies for protection against evil.

聖甲蟲以甲蟲或 Scarabeus Sacer為樣子，而且它被古埃及人用于許多目的例如記錄歷史性的事件或記下祈禱放置于木乃伊內免遭邪惡的侵害。

Scarabs were also used as seals by officials. The writing would be inscribed on the base (flat side) of the scarab, and sizes varied from several centimeters to several meters long. It was not really until Pharaoh Amenhotep III\'s reign that the scarabs were made extra large (up to 2.5 metres long in the Karnak Temple!).

聖甲蟲也被當作官員的封印使用。書寫在聖甲蟲底部(平的面)上的作品，而且大小從幾公分到幾米長。一直到法老阿孟和蒂III世王權聖甲蟲才被制做得非常大 (在Karnak神廟裡達到2.5米長！)。

Scarabs were made from a wide variety of materials such as carnelian, lapis lazuli, basalt, limestone, schist, turquoise, ivory, resin, steatite, and bronze. Most scarabs were made of steatite which was then covered with a turquoise coloured glaze. The stone was soft and easy to work, but when glazed, it became hard and durable.

聖甲蟲由多種多樣的材料例如瑪瑙，天青石，玄武岩，石灰石，片岩，綠寶石，象牙，樹脂，滑石和青銅做成。大多數聖甲蟲是用滑石做成，然後在滑石上用綠寶石彩釉覆蓋。石頭柔軟而容易工作，但是光滑時，它變得堅硬持久。

In the 12th dynasty, amethyst was used for the first time (a very hard material). Gold and silver scarabs have also been found, but are much rarer, because of grave robbers. The Greeks used onyx, agate, and quartz in making their scarabs. These materials were not used in Egypt until the Ptolemaic period, when Greek influence on Egyptian life was at a peak. The Greeks also had more advanced technology (in some areas) and could therefore work hard materials with greater ease than the Egyptians could.

在第12個王朝內，第一次使用紫水晶(一種很堅硬的材料)。也發現了金和銀聖甲蟲，但是更加稀罕，因為盜墓賊。希臘人用鎬瑪腦，瑪瑙和石英制造他們的聖甲蟲。直到託勒密時期埃及才使用這些材料,當希臘人影響埃及的生活達到一個頂峰的時候。希臘人也有了更為先進工藝(在一些地方)並且可以因此用堅硬材料制作比埃及人更加得心應手。

Heart scarabs were placed next to the heart after the body was mummified. The scarabs were usually made of green stone, and could range in size from 3 to 10 cm. On almost all of the scarabs, chapter 30B from the Book of the Dead was inscribed. In this chapter, the dead person asks his heart not to testify against him during the Weighing of The Heart Ceremony (whether he has commited a sin or not). In other cases, heart scarabs were used for just general protection from evil during the journey to the Afterlife.

心聖甲蟲在人身體做成木乃伊之後緊鄰心放置。聖甲蟲通常由綠岩組成，而且大小可以在3到10cm範圍。幾乎所有的聖甲蟲都來自死的書籍第30B章記錄。在這個章節裡，死人詢問他的心在心典禮的稱重期間有不利于他的證明(是否他犯錯誤有罪沒有)在其它的情形裡，心聖甲蟲僅用于死後旅程期間防止邪惡的一般保護。

Heart scarabs were always made of some green material, usually green jasper. This stone is actually quite rare and difficult to cut, so in many cases other types of rock were used as substitutes, for example green feldspar, basalt, and serpentine. The reason why green was used was that it symbolised resurrection and health.

心聖甲蟲總是由一些綠的材料做成，通常綠碧玉。這個石頭實際上相當稀罕和難于切割，因此在許多情形裡其它類型岩石被當作代用品使用，例如綠長石，玄武岩和蛇紋石。綠色為什麼被使用的理由是它象征復活和健康。
The Phoenicians lived in the area which we now call Lebanon and the Egyptians had a very strong bond with these people both politically and comercially. After some time the Egyptians started to influence the Phoenician culture, bringing the scarab into their art.
腓尼基人生活的地方今天我們稱為黎巴嫩，而埃及人在政治和商業往來兩方面與這些人有牢固的聯系。在一些時期後埃及人開始影響腓尼基人的文化,把聖甲蟲帶進他們的藝術中。

The first scarab from Phoenicia was made in the 8th century BC (approximately the 23rd dynasty). As the Phoenicians themselves were clever traders and posessed several colonies, they spread the scarab throughout the Mediterranean, bringing it to all major ports along their trade routes. The Greeks started using the scarab as well, and as a result, the scarab made it onto mainland Europe, into areas where the dung beetle had never lived.

第一只聖甲蟲來自腓尼基，產生于西元前8世紀(大約是第23王朝)。因為腓尼基人他們自己是聰明的交易者以及佔有數個殖民地，他們在地中海各處傳布了聖甲蟲，將它帶到沿處貿易線上的重要港埠。希臘人也開始使用聖甲蟲，結果就使聖甲蟲進入歐洲大陸中，進入甲蟲從未生活過的地方。

The Greeks settled in Etruria in the mid-sixth century BC. They soon started to influence the Etruscans (the native civilisation of Etruria). The Greeks taught them how to make scarabs, but the Etruscans did not use the scarab as a seal. Instead they used them for ornamentation in everyday life.

西元前6世紀中期希臘人定居在埃特魯斯坎(意大利中部的古國)。他們很快開始影響伊特魯裡亞人(埃特魯斯坎土著文明)。希臘人教他們如何制作聖甲蟲，但是 埃特魯斯坎人不使用聖甲蟲作為封印。相反他們在日常生活中用它們作為裝飾品。

As the scarab traveled throughout Europe and Asia by trade, war and politics, its purpose changed. Originally used as a symbol for birth and rebirth, it quickly evolved to becoming an amulet for protective purposes (used in many completely different religions), a seal for officials and later only for decorative purposes.

當聖甲蟲通過貿易，戰爭和政治遍及整個歐洲和亞洲各地，它的用途改變了。原先用于出生和再生符號象征，它很快地發展為保護的想法(用于多數完全地不同的宗教)，官印以及後來僅用于裝飾目的成為了一個護身符。


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.crystalinks.com/beetledung.jpg
Dung Beetles can be found in many parts of the world, though we tend to identify them with ancient Egypt.

可以在世界許多地方發現甲蟲，雖然我們容易將它們和古埃及聯系一起。

Dung beetles belong to the family Scarabaeidae and are also known as scarabs. They are scavengers, which feed on dung and other decaying organic matter, and play an invaluable role in keeping the veld clean. The ancient Egyptians revered them as a symbol of renewed life.

糞甲蟲屬于金龜子家族，與聖甲蟲一樣有名。他們是清潔工，以糞和另外的腐爛有機物為食，而且在保持草原清潔方面扮演了一個舉足輕重的角色。古埃及人崇敬他們作為更新生命的一個符號。

They are small to large, usually stout-bodied, and are easily recognized by the 3 to 7 segmented fan-like antennal club. Their legs are powerful, particularly the front legs, which are armed with teeth on the outer edge. In some species the legs are adapted to rolling balls of dung to a suitable soft spot, and for digging holes in which the dung is buried. The buried dung serves as a source of food for adult beetles, and also for the larvae when they hatch from eggs laid on the dung-balls.

它們由小到大,通常身體剛強，而且容易*著3至7像風扇觸角棒容易辯識。它們的腳是強有力的，特別是前腿，外側裝備有牙齒。在一些種類中，腳適合滾動糞球到一個合適的鬆軟地點，並挖洞將糞球埋葬掉。被埋葬的糞球用于成年甲蟲食物來源，也是幼蟲的食物當它們從所在糞球裡的蛋孵化出來的時候。

The larvae, also called \'white grubs\', are greyish-white to bluish-white in color, C-shaped, and also feed on decaying organic matter, such as tree stumps, and the roots of plants.

Larvae，也稱為‘白幼蟲\'，是灰白至藍白色，C形，以腐爛的有機物為食，例如樹樁和植物的根。

All dung beetles are scarabs, but not all scarabs are dung beeties. For instance, the protea beetle (Trichostetha fascicularis) gathers nectar from various species of proteas.

所有的糞甲蟲（屎克螂）都是聖甲蟲，但不是所有的聖甲蟲是糞甲蟲。例如，山龍眼甲蟲(Trichostetha fascicularis)採集不同種類的山龍眼花蜜。

Planet of the Insects

昆蟲行星

哈比人

http://www.crystalinks.com/dungbeetle703.jpg
糞甲蟲-聖甲蟲-受月光推移



Nature Magazine - July 2003

自然雜志-2003年7月

An African beetle relies on moonlight\'s polarisation to roll its dungball in a straight line, researchers have discovered.

研究員已經發現一只非洲甲蟲仰賴月光偏振直線滾動它的糞球。

Several species, including some insects, spiders and even birds, orientate themselves by the plane of the sun\'s rays. But this is the first time that an animal has been shown to use moonlight - which is around a million times dimmer - as a compass.

好幾個種類，包括一些昆蟲，蜘蛛甚至鳥類，*著太陽光平面確定它們自己的方向。但是這是首次一只動物顯示使用月光-它是大約一百萬倍調光器-有如一個羅盤。

Dacke and her colleagues discovered that beetles chart a straight course only on moonlit nights. Without the Moon, they meander randomly.

Dacke和她的同事發現甲蟲只在月光的夜裡才能形成直線。沒有月亮，它們隨意彎彎曲曲移動。

To test whether the beetles use light polarization, rather than the position of the Moon, to maintain a steady bearing, the researchers made sure the insects could not see the Moon. They then placed a polarizing filter over a ball-rolling beetle to turn its light through 90
http://www.crystalinks.com/scarabfractal.jpg
http://www.crystalinks.com/scarabmind.gif
As the legend goes - a dung beetle called \'Aksak\' made the first woman and man on Earth from clay.

如傳說那樣-一只稱做‘Aksak’糞甲蟲用黏土造了地球上的第一位女子和男人。

In ancient China, a Taoist text quotes \"the Scarab rolls its pellet, and life is born in it as an effect nondispersed work spiritual concentration.\"

在古老的中國，一本道教文章引述“聖甲蟲滾轉它的圓球，而生命在它一出生就賦予一個非分散靈魂濃縮的工作作用”。

The Phoenicians lived in the area which we now call Lebanon. Egyptians influences on the Phoenician culture, brought the scarab into their art. The first scarab from Phoenicia was made in the 8th century BC (approximately the 23rd dynasty). As the Phoenicians themselves were clever traders and posessed several colonies, they spread the scarab throughout the Mediterranean, bringing it to all major ports along their trade routes. The Greeks started using the scarab as well, and as a result, the scarab made it onto mainland Europe, into areas where the dung beetle had never lived.

腓尼基人生活的地方今天我們稱為黎巴嫩，而埃及人在政治和商業往來兩方面與這些人有牢固的聯系。在一些時期後埃及人開始影響腓尼基人的文化,把聖甲蟲帶進他們的藝術中。第一只聖甲蟲來自腓尼基，產生于西元前8世紀(大約是第23王朝)。因為腓尼基人他們自己是聰明的交易者以及佔有數個殖民地，他們在地中海各處傳布了聖甲蟲，將它帶到沿處貿易線上的重要港埠。希臘人也開始使用聖甲蟲，結果就使聖甲蟲進入歐洲大陸中，進入甲蟲從未生活過的地方。

The Greeks settled in Etruria in the mid-sixth century BC. They soon started to influence the Etruscans (the native civilisation of Etruria). The Greeks taught them how to make scarabs, but the Etruscans did not use the scarab as a seal. Instead they used them for ornamentation in everyday life.

西元前6世紀中期希臘人定居在埃特魯斯坎(意大利中部的古國)。他們很快開始影響伊特魯裡亞人(埃特魯斯坎土著文明)。希臘人教他們如何制作聖甲蟲，但是 埃特魯斯坎人不使用聖甲蟲作為封印。相反他們在日常生活中用它們作為裝飾品。

The Greeks used onyx, agate, and quartz in making their scarabs. These materials were not used in Egypt until the Ptolemaic period, when Greek influence on Egyptian life was at a peak. The Greeks also had more advanced technology (in some areas) and could therefore work hard materials with greater ease than the Egyptians could.
希臘人用鎬瑪腦，瑪瑙和石英制造他們的聖甲蟲。直到託勒密時期埃及才使用這些材料,當希臘人影響埃及的生活達到一個頂峰的時候。希臘人也有了更為先進工藝(在一些地方)並且可以因此用堅硬材料制作比埃及人更加得心應手。

As the scarab traveled throughout Europe and Asia by trade, war and politics, its purpose changed. Originally used as a symbol for birth and rebirth, it quickly evolved to becoming an amulet for protective purposes (used in many completely different religions), a seal for officials and later only for decorative purposes.

當聖甲蟲通過貿易，戰爭和政治遍及整個歐洲和亞洲各地，它的用途改變了。原先用于出生和再生符號象征，它很快地發展為保護的想法(用于多數完全地不同的宗教)，官印以及後來僅用于裝飾目的成為了一個護身符。

哈比人

Scarab beetles appeared in Egyptian heiroglyphs.


聖甲蟲出現于埃及碑刻上
http://www.crystalinks.com/scarabstele.jpg
http://www.crystalinks.com/scarabpapyrus.jpg
The dung beetle is painted in the red orb. It identifies
the seated figure as the god of the morning sun, Khepri.


糞甲蟲被畫成在紅色球。它確認


坐著的畫像如早晨的太陽神，Khepri。


The hieroglyphs to the right of the seated figure;
they also identify him as Atum, the evening sun.


坐著的畫像右邊的象形文字；


他們也確認他為Atum，傍晚太陽。


The painted symbol of the dung beetle and the inscription
tell us the figure represents the sun god that rises in the
east and sets in the west.


描畫的糞甲蟲符號和題文


告訴我們畫像表現東方升起西方落下的太陽神。


The mummy of the Priestess Nesykhonsu standing to the left
of the sun god. This painting is from the inside of her coffin.


女祭司Nesykhonsu 的木乃伊站立在


太陽神左側。這張油畫來自她棺材裡。


The Priest at the right makes offerings to the sun god.


右邊的牧師向太陽神獻祭品。


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amulets


護身符
http://www.crystalinks.com/scarab.gif
Amulets were believed to endow the wearer with the characteristics depicted in the art.


護身符據認為賦予穿戴者具有藝術描述的個性。


Scarab beetle amulets portrayed the beetle\'s persistence in rolling a dung ball and the reemergence of the beetle from its hole in the ground.


聖甲蟲護身符描繪了甲蟲不斷地滾動一個糞球以及它從地洞裡再度出現。


Ancient Egyptians believed in the power of amulets and other charms to protect themselves from evil forces and to bring them good fortune.


古埃及人相信護身符的力量和保護他們自己免於邪惡力的其它魔力及帶給他們好運氣。


Scarabs were made from a wide variety of materials such as carnelian, lapis lazuli, basalt, limestone, schist, turquoise, ivory, resin, steatite, and bronze. Most scarabs were made of steatite which was then covered with a turquoise coloured glaze. The stone was soft and easy to work, but when glazed, it became hard and durable.


聖甲蟲由多種多樣的材料例如瑪瑙，天青石，玄武岩，石灰石，片岩，綠寶石，象牙，樹脂，滑石和青銅做成。大多數聖甲蟲是用滑石做成，然後在滑石上用綠寶石彩釉覆蓋。石頭柔軟而容易工作，但是光滑時，它變得堅硬持久。


In the 12th dynasty, amethyst was used for the first time (a very hard material). Gold and silver scarabs have also been found, but are much rarer, because of grave robbers.


在第12個王朝內，第一次使用紫水晶(一種很堅硬的材料)。也發現了金和銀聖甲蟲，但是更加稀罕，因為盜墓賊。


In death, the scarab protected the deceased person\'s soul from being eaten by Ammit the Devourer - a dreadful part-lion, part-hippo, part-crocodile who guarded scales of justice in the Egyptian afterworld. Heart scarabs - or mummified beetles, were placed next to the heart after the body was mummified. they heart was the \'place of the soul\'.


在死亡中,聖甲蟲保護死者靈魂不被Ammit吞食者吃掉-一頭可怕的部分獅子角色，部分河馬角色，受埃及陰間正義天平保護一部分鱷魚角色。心聖甲蟲-或做成木乃伊的甲蟲，放置在人死之後做成木乃伊的心髒附近。他們的心髒是‘靈魂的處所\'。


The scarabs were usually made of green stone, and could range in size from 3 to 10 cm. Heart scarabs were always made of some green material, usually green jasper. This stone is quite rare and difficult to cut, so in many cases other types of rock were used as substitutes, for example green feldspar, basalt, and serpentine. The reason why green was used was that it symbolised resurrection and health, green is the color of the heart chakra.


聖甲蟲通常由綠岩組成，而且大小可以在3到10cm範圍。心聖甲蟲總是由一些綠的材料做成，通常綠碧玉。這個石頭實際上相當稀罕和難于切割，因此在許多情形裡其它類型岩石被當作代用品使用，例如綠長石，玄武岩和蛇紋石。為什麼使用綠色的理由是它象征復活和健康。綠色是心髒脈輪的顏色。


Most of the scarabs were inscribed - chapter 30B from the Book of the Dead. In this chapter, the dead person asks his heart not to testify against him during the Weighing of The Heart Ceremony (whether he has commited a sin or not). In other cases, heart scarabs were used for just general protection from evil during the journey to the afterlife.


多數聖甲蟲都來自死亡之書第30B章記錄。在這個章節裡，死人詢問他的心在心典禮的稱重期間有不利于他的證明(是否他犯錯誤有罪沒有)在其它的情形裡，心聖甲蟲僅用于死後旅程期間防止邪惡的一般保護。


Today, people continue to look to wear this ancient symbol.


今天人們繼續看起來佩帶這個埃及的符號象征
http://www.crystalinks.com/scarabtour.jpg
Scarab amulets can be worn near the heart or displayed in many other
ways to continue their 4,000-plus year history of bringing good luck.


聖甲蟲護身符佩帶在心髒附近或以許多另外方式顯示


延續它們帶來好運氣4,000年歷史記錄。

哈比人

資料來源
http://mcclungmuseum.utk.edu/permex/egypt/egs-text.htm
McClung 博物館-埃及聖甲蟲
http://www.chinaufo.com/bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardID=110&ID=15753&page=3

ANCIENT EGYPT INDEX
http://www.crystalinks.com/egypt.html

古埃及索引
ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS INDEX
http://www.crystalinks.com/ancient.html

古文明索引
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF ALL FILES
http://www.crystalinks.com/directory2.html

按字母順序排列的所有文件
CRYSTALINKS MAIN PAGE
http://www.crystalinks.com/index.html

水晶鏈接網主頁
http://www.crystalinks.com/scarabs.html

sgrlto

http://www.crystalinks.com/beetledung.jpg
好似雌性獨角仙，你講一講聖甲蟲，我好想玩暗黑破壞神∼
我還有看過一個電子叫渡墓迷城，好多聖甲蟲食左一個人．．．好恐怖∼
推屎的甲蟲原來有咁大的宗教背景

ZAQ06

管理員按：無意義回覆。