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發表於 2004-11-7 05:47 PM
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一套下了咒語的沙士比亞歌劇:馬克白
馬克白中是有一小段咒語在Act IV Scene I
這是全文﹕
A Cavern. In the middle, a boiling Cauldron.
Thunder. Enter the three Witches.
First Witch. Thrice the brinded cat hath mew’d.
Sec. Witch. Thrice and once the hedge-pig whin’d. 4
Third Witch. Harper cries: ’Tis time, ’tis time.
First Witch. Round about the cauldron go;
In the poison’d entrails throw.
Toad, that under cold stone 8
Days and nights hast thirty-one
Swelter’d venom sleeping got,
Boil thou first i’ the charmed pot.
All. Double, double toil and trouble; 12
Fire burn and cauldron bubble.
Sec. Witch. Fillet of a fenny snake,
In the cauldron boil and bake;
Eye of newt, and toe of frog, 16
Wool of bat, and tongue of dog,
Adder’s fork, and blind-worm’s sting,
Lizard’s leg, and howlet’s wing,
For a charm of powerful trouble, 20
Like a hell-broth boil and bubble.
All. Double, double toil and trouble;
Fire burn and cauldron bubble.
Third Witch. Scale of dragon, tooth of wolf, 24
Witches’ mummy, maw and gulf
Of the ravin’d salt-sea shark,
Root of hemlock digg’d i’ the dark,
Liver of blaspheming Jew, 28
Gall of goat, and slips of yew
Sliver’d in the moon’s eclipse,
Nose of Turk, and Tartar’s lips,
Finger of birth-strangled babe 32
Ditch-deliver’d by a drab,
Make the gruel thick and slab:
Add thereto a tiger’s chaudron,
For the ingredients of our cauldron. 36
All. Double, double toil and trouble;
Fire burn and cauldron bubble.
Sec. Witch. Cool it with a baboon’s blood,
Then the charm is firm and good. 40
Enter HECATE.
Hec. O! well done! I commend your pains,
And every one shall share i’ the gains.
And now about the cauldron sing, 44
Like elves and fairies in a ring,
Enchanting all that you put in. [Music and a song, ‘Black Spirits,’ &c.
Sec. Witch. By the pricking of my thumbs,
Something wicked this way comes. 48
Open, locks,
Whoever knocks.
在整篇Macbeth﹐莎士比亞並沒有稱那三女人位Witch (女巫)
只是稱她們為Weird Sisters
而為何她們現在會被稱為女巫?
那就是因為Act III scene V(和我剛才所post的Act IV scene I的一小段)。這是Act III scene V 的全文﹕
Thunder. Enter the three Witches, meeting HECATE.
First Witch. Why, how now, Hecate! you look angerly.
Hec. Have I not reason, beldams as you are, 4
Saucy and overbold? How did you dare
To trade and traffic with Macbeth
In riddles and affairs of death;
And I, the mistress of your charms, 8
The close contriver of all harms,
Was never call'd to bear my part,
Or show the glory of our art?
And, which is worse, all you have done 12
Hath been but for a wayward son,
Spiteful and wrathful; who, as others do,
Loves for his own ends, not for you.
But make amends now: get you gone, 16
And at the pit of Acheron
Meet me i' the morning: thither he
Will come to know his destiny:
Your vessels and your spells provide, 20
Your charms and every thing beside.
I am for the air; this night I'll spend
Unto a dismal and a fatal end:
Great business must be wrought ere noon: 24
Upon the corner of the moon
There hangs a vaporous drop profound;
I'll catch it ere it come to ground:
And that distill'd by magic sleights 28
Shall raise such artificial sprites
As by the strength of their illusion
Shall draw him on to his confusion:
He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and bear 32
His hopes 'bove wisdom, grace, and fear;
And you all know security
Is mortals ' chiefest enemy. [Song within, ‘Come away, come away,’ &c.
Hark! I am call'd; my little spirit, see, 36
Sits in a foggy cloud, and stays for me. [Exit.
First Witch. Come, let's make haste; she'll soon be back again. [Exeunt.
而這有甚麼奇怪呢?
首先﹐莎士比亞要是寫了這些東西﹐那他為何要稱她們為Weird sisters﹐而不是witch呢?
而且﹐Act IV scene I 的那一小段和Act III scene V 的寫法完全不像莎士比亞的手筆!!!
首先﹐我們需要知道莎士比亞的文筆。
讀英文的都會知道﹐莎士比亞寫的東西都是iambic pentameter
iambic 是一種rhythm。在每一句的聲音都是以一輕音一重音一輕音一重音進行
pentamenter即每一句也有五個foot。一foot為兩個音節 (e.g. car有一個音節﹐football有兩個音節﹐policeman有三個音節﹐如此類堆)﹐而這兩個音節是一輕音一重音的組合。
讓我們看莎士比亞的一首詩﹕
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:
So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
這是一篇非常好的iambic pentameter。每句十個音節﹐都是以一輕音一重音來進行。
在寫劇﹐基於對白流暢關係﹐莎士比亞不一定能做到每句iambic pentameter
但iambic 和iambic pentameter都經常出現
讓我們看一段Duncan 和 Malcom 的對話﹕
Dun. What bloody man is that? He can report, (iambic pentameter)
As seemeth by his plight, of the revolt (iambic pentameter)
The newest state. (iambic)
Mal. This is the sergeant (iambic)
Who, like a good and hardy soldier fought (iambic pentameter)
’Gainst my captivity. Hail, brave friend! (iambic pentameter)
Say to the king the knowledge of the broil (iambic pentameter)
As thou didst leave it. (iambic)
讓我們看那幾段問題段數
Act IV scene I﹐撇開咒語只看Hecate 以後那些 (若咒語是真的就不可能是莎士比亞筆下的了)
Hec. O! well done! I commend your pains, (非iambic亦不是pentameter)
And every one shall share i’ the gains. (非iambic亦不是pentameter)
And now about the cauldron sing, (iambic)
Like elves and fairies in a ring, (iambic)
Enchanting all that you put in. (iambic)
[Music and a song, ‘Black Spirits,’ &c.
Sec. Witch. By the pricking of my thumbs, (非iambic亦不是pentameter)
Something wicked this way comes. (非iambic亦不是pentameter)
Open, locks, (非iambic亦不是pentameter)
Whoever knocks. (iambic)
Act III scene V 亦是這個樣子
而且﹐若果你比較一下﹐便會發現這些問題段數所用的英文和莎士比亞在其他part用的英文都很不像 (你可拿那Duncan 和 Malcom 的對話比較看看)
這些問題章節的英語和我們所用的英語非常相似!!!!
研究莎士比亞的文學家亦相信這些問題章節並不是莎士比亞寫的。
是誰呢? 我在堂上老師說過一個人的名字﹐但我忘了。
只記得那家伙也是莎士比亞年代的劇作家﹐亦是莎士比亞的對手
亦有人說莎士比亞所寫的所有劇本其實都是這個人寫的。
有人知道那人的名字請告訴我。 |
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